two questions with two responses for each question

Chapter 12 – From our weekly chapter reading, we learned that Crowdsourcing can be a very valuable tool for promoting and developing three main pillars of an open government. According to the Executive Office of the President (2009), Open Government Directive, Crowdsourcing ideas in the public sector identifies and defines those three pillars as?

Q1: Please identify the three (3) pillars, and provide a short description for each?

Chapter 13/14 – Our observations from the case study reading in the chapter material, Leadership and Management in Complex Systems research by Jager and van der Vegt (2005), is that leadership scholars seem to acknowledge the dynamic nature of leadership and have developed models and frameworks to organize and describe the factors that are important. However, empirical research to test these models is scarce. The authors have suggested the reasons for the lack of research on dynamic leadership processes.

Q2: Identify this reason, and provide a brief narrative why the authors provided that reason?

NOTE: Please follow the below text book to answer the questions.

TEXT BOOK:

https://www.rug.nl/about-us/who-are-we/sustainability/greenoffice/cursus/myth3/policypracticeanddigitalscience.pdf